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How to Improve Your FCI Score

A practical guide to reducing deferred maintenance and improving facility condition for Canadian organizations

January 21, 2026
18 min read
Capital Planning

Transform Deferred Maintenance Into Strategic Investment

Your FCI score isn't fixed. With the right strategies, you can systematically reduce deferred maintenance, improve facility condition, and build a defensible capital plan.

The FCI Improvement Challenge

You've calculated your Facility Condition Index (FCI). The number isn't pretty. Maybe it's 0.15, 0.22, or even higher. Your facilities have accumulated years of deferred maintenance, and the backlog keeps growing.

The question isn't whether you need to improve—it's how. With limited budgets, competing priorities, and aging infrastructure, where do you start?

Good news: FCI improvement is achievable and measurable. Organizations that implement structured FCI improvement programs typically see 2-5% annual FCI reduction with proper capital planning—transforming "poor" facilities into "fair" or "good" condition within 5-7 years.

This guide walks you through five proven strategies to systematically lower your FCI score, plus sector-specific guidance for Canadian municipalities, schools, healthcare facilities, and commercial properties.

Quick Recap: The FCI Formula

FCI = Deferred Maintenance Cost ÷ Current Replacement Value

Lower FCI = Better condition. Target: Below 0.05 (5%) for "Good" condition.

To improve FCI, you have two levers: reduce the numerator (deferred maintenance) or increase the denominator (replacement value through new assets). Most strategies focus on the numerator—eliminating the backlog faster than it accumulates.

< 0.05
Good
Target condition
0.05 - 0.10
Fair
Acceptable, needs attention
> 0.10
Poor
Immediate action required

Step 1: Understand Your Current FCI Baseline

Before you can improve, you need to know exactly where you stand. A proper baseline assessment reveals not just your overall FCI, but where the problems are concentrated.

Run a Complete Asset Inventory

You can't manage what you don't track. Ensure every capital asset is documented with:

  • Purchase/installation date — for lifecycle calculation
  • Original cost — basis for replacement value
  • Expected useful life — industry standards by asset type
  • Location — site, building, floor, room
  • System classification — HVAC, electrical, plumbing, etc.
  • Current condition — if available from assessments

Calculate Your True Deferred Maintenance Backlog

Deferred maintenance = the inflation-adjusted replacement cost of all assets that have exceeded their expected useful life.

Asset: Chiller #2Purchased 2005 for $120,000
Expected life: 20 yearsCurrently at 105% lifecycle
Inflation-adjusted (2.5% annual):$198,000 current replacement value

This chiller contributes $198,000 to your deferred maintenance backlog—not the $120,000 it cost 20 years ago.

Identify High-Impact Problem Areas

Drill down by location and system type to find where deferred maintenance is concentrated:

By System Class
HVAC (D30)
FCI: 0.28
Roofing (B30)
FCI: 0.12
Electrical (D50)
FCI: 0.04
By Building
Science Hall
FCI: 0.22
Admin Building
FCI: 0.09
Library
FCI: 0.03

This analysis reveals: HVAC systems are the primary driver of poor FCI, and Science Hall needs priority attention.

5 Proven Strategies to Improve Your FCI Score

1

Prioritize Assets Past End-of-Life

Assets at 100%+ lifecycle are ticking time bombs. They're already contributing to your FCI score and are the highest risk for emergency failures.

Action Plan

  • Generate a list of all assets at >100% lifecycle, sorted by replacement cost
  • Apply risk scoring (LoS × CoF) to prioritize critical assets
  • Create a 3-year replacement schedule targeting highest-risk items first
Impact Example: Replacing 5 chillers at $1.2M total removes $1.2M from deferred maintenance. On a $15M CRV portfolio, this reduces FCI by 0.08 (from 0.20 to 0.12).
2

Implement Condition-Based Preventive Maintenance

Well-maintained assets last longer. Extending asset life by even 10-20% reduces future deferred maintenance accumulation.

Action Plan

  • Establish PM schedules for all critical assets (HVAC, elevators, fire systems)
  • Track PM completion rates—target 90%+ compliance
  • Adjust expected lifetimes upward for well-maintained assets based on actual condition
Impact Example: Extending the life of 50 HVAC units by 3 years (from 20 to 23) delays $2M in replacements, keeping them out of the deferred maintenance calculation longer.
3

Increase Your Reinvestment Rate

The reinvestment rate is the percentage of your portfolio's CRV you invest in capital renewal annually. Industry benchmark: 2-4% of CRV per year to maintain stable FCI.

The Math

Portfolio CRV:$50,000,000
Current annual capital budget:$750,000 (1.5%)
Recommended (3% of CRV):$1,500,000
Gap: $750,000/year underfunding, causing FCI to rise ~1.5% annually
Action: Present this analysis to leadership. Use FCI forecasting to show what happens with current funding vs. increased funding over 10 years.
4

Address System-Wide Failures with Bulk Replacement

When an entire system class is failing (e.g., all 1990s-era HVAC), bulk replacement is more cost-effective than piecemeal repairs.

Bulk Replacement Benefits

  • 15-25% cost savings through volume purchasing and contractor efficiency
  • Standardized equipment simplifies future maintenance and parts inventory
  • Synchronized replacement cycles prevent future "cliff" years
Example: A school district identified 24 rooftop units across 8 schools all at 90-110% lifecycle. Bulk replacement contract: $1.8M (vs. $2.3M individual). FCI improvement: 0.06 reduction.
5

Extend Asset Life Through Strategic Renewal

Not every aging asset needs full replacement. Strategic renewal—major component replacement or refurbishment—can reset the clock at 40-60% of replacement cost.

Renewal vs. Replacement Examples

Chiller Compressor Rebuild$45K vs. $180K replacement
Extends life 10-15 years at 25% of replacement cost
Roof Recoating$8/sqft vs. $25/sqft replacement
Extends life 8-12 years at 30% of replacement cost
Elevator Modernization$80K vs. $200K replacement
Extends life 20+ years at 40% of replacement cost
Key insight: Renewal resets the asset lifecycle clock, removing it from deferred maintenance while preserving capital for other priorities.

Building a Multi-Year FCI Improvement Plan

One-time capital injections help, but sustained FCI improvement requires a multi-year commitment with realistic targets aligned to budget reality.

Sample 5-Year FCI Improvement Plan

YearCapital BudgetFocus AreasTarget FCI
Year 1$1.5MCritical HVAC replacements, emergency repairs
0.18 → 0.15
Year 2$1.8MRoof replacements, electrical upgrades
0.15 → 0.12
Year 3$2.0MPlumbing systems, building envelope
0.12 → 0.09
Year 4$1.8MInterior finishes, fire protection
0.09 → 0.07
Year 5$1.5MMaintenance mode—sustain gains
0.07 → 0.05

Total 5-year investment: $8.6M. FCI improvement: 0.18 → 0.05 (72% reduction in deferred maintenance ratio).

Setting Realistic Targets

  • 2-4% FCI reduction per year is achievable with adequate funding
  • Account for natural FCI growth (~1-2% annually from aging assets)
  • Target "Fair" (0.05-0.10) first, then push toward "Good"

Aligning with Budget Cycles

  • Present FCI forecasts during budget planning season
  • Show "cost of inaction"—what happens if funding stays flat
  • Link FCI to risk and service delivery outcomes leadership cares about

FCI Improvement by Sector

Canadian Municipalities

Ontario's O. Reg. 588/17 requires municipalities to develop asset management plans with condition assessments. FCI tracking helps meet these requirements.

Key Considerations

  • • Leverage FCM's Municipal Asset Management Program funding
  • • Align FCI targets with Asset Management Plan requirements
  • • Report FCI trends to council annually for transparency
Learn more about municipal solutions

K-12 Schools & Districts

Canadian schools face a $16+ billion deferred maintenance backlog. FCI tracking helps prioritize limited capital budgets across aging facilities.

Key Considerations

  • • Focus on life-safety systems (fire, HVAC, structural)
  • • Coordinate replacements during summer breaks
  • • Use FCI to justify provincial funding requests
Learn more about public sector solutions

Healthcare Facilities

Healthcare facilities require stricter FCI targets due to patient safety and regulatory requirements. Target FCI < 0.05 for critical care areas.

Key Considerations

  • • Prioritize life-safety and infection control systems
  • • Plan replacements to minimize patient care disruption
  • • Document FCI for accreditation (Accreditation Canada)
Learn more about facility management solutions

Commercial Properties

For commercial properties, FCI directly impacts tenant satisfaction and asset value. Poor FCI leads to tenant turnover and reduced property valuations.

Key Considerations

  • • Track FCI by tenant-facing vs. building systems
  • • Include FCI in property due diligence and valuations
  • • Use FCI improvements to justify rent adjustments
Learn more about facility management solutions

Measuring and Reporting FCI Progress

Track FCI Monthly

With automated tracking, FCI updates as assets age. Monitor monthly to catch unexpected changes and validate that replacements are reducing the backlog.

Report Year-Over-Year Trends

Show leadership how FCI has changed annually. Visualize the trajectory: are you improving, holding steady, or declining?

Communicate to Stakeholders

Translate FCI into terms stakeholders understand: risk reduction, cost avoidance, service reliability. Connect the numbers to outcomes.

Key Metrics to Track Beyond FCI

Reinvestment Rate

Annual capital spend as % of CRV. Target: 2-4% to maintain condition.

Backlog Reduction Rate

How fast is deferred maintenance shrinking? Track $ reduced per year.

Emergency Repair Costs

Declining emergency repairs = FCI strategy working. Track reactive vs. planned ratio.

Assets Past End-of-Life

Count of assets at >100% lifecycle. Should decrease as you execute your plan.

Why Spreadsheets Fail for FCI Improvement

Many organizations try to track FCI improvement in Excel. Here's why that approach breaks down:

Spreadsheet Limitations

  • • Manual inflation adjustments (often forgotten)
  • • No automatic lifecycle aging
  • • No drill-down by system or location
  • • No forecasting capability
  • • Version control nightmares

Asset Management Software Benefits

  • • Automatic inflation-adjusted CRV calculations
  • • Real-time FCI as assets age daily
  • • Multi-level drill-down (site → building → system → asset)
  • • 10-year FCI forecasting
  • • Single source of truth for all stakeholders

AssetLab calculates FCI automatically across your entire portfolio—by site, building, system class, and individual asset. See how it works →

Ready to Start Improving Your FCI?

AssetLab gives you the visibility, forecasting, and tracking you need to execute a successful FCI improvement plan—transforming deferred maintenance into strategic capital investment.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to improve FCI score?

Organizations that implement structured FCI improvement programs typically see 2-5% annual FCI reduction with proper capital planning. Transforming facilities from "poor" (above 0.10) to "good" (below 0.05) condition typically takes 5-7 years with consistent funding. Quick wins are possible by targeting high-impact end-of-life assets in the first year.

What is a realistic FCI improvement target?

A realistic FCI improvement target is 2-5% reduction per year depending on available capital budget. For example, reducing FCI from 0.18 to 0.13 over a 5-year period is achievable for most organizations. Setting overly aggressive targets without corresponding budget increases leads to frustration and abandoned improvement plans.

How do you prioritize assets for FCI improvement?

Prioritize assets using FCI impact per dollar: calculate how much each replacement reduces overall FCI relative to its cost. Focus on assets that are past end-of-life (100%+ lifecycle completion) as these contribute directly to the deferred maintenance numerator. Also consider criticality, safety implications, and whether the asset supports revenue-generating operations.

Can preventive maintenance improve FCI?

Preventive maintenance can slow FCI deterioration by extending asset useful life, but it cannot directly improve FCI on assets that have already exceeded their expected life. Condition-based maintenance can prevent premature end-of-life, reducing the rate at which new deferred maintenance accumulates. The real FCI improvement comes from capital replacement of assets past end-of-life.

How do Canadian municipalities fund FCI improvement?

Canadian municipalities fund FCI improvement through dedicated capital reserves, asset management levies, gas tax funding (Canada Community-Building Fund), FCM Municipal Asset Management Program grants, provincial infrastructure programs, and borrowing/debentures for major projects. Ontario O. Reg. 588/17 requires municipalities to develop financial strategies that address infrastructure gaps identified through FCI tracking.